A global climatology of the ocean surface during the Last Glacial Maximum mapped on a regular grid (GLOMAP)

Abstract. We present a climatology of the near-sea-surface temperature (NSST) anomaly and sea-ice extent during Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 23 000–19 000 years before present) mapped on global regular 1∘×1∘ grid. It is an extension Atlantic Ocean Mapping (GLAMAP) reconstruction NSST based faunal floral assemblage data Multiproxy Approach for Reconstruction Surface (MARGO) project several recent estimates LGM extent. Such gridded highly useful visualization climate, calculation regional averages, estimation equilibrium climate sensitivity, as well boundary condition atmospheric general circulation models. The gridding sparse was done in optimal way using Data-Interpolating Variational Analysis (DIVA) software, which takes into account uncertainty includes error field. resulting Map (GLOMAP) confirms previous findings by MARGO regarding longitudinal meridional differences that were greater than today all oceans. Taken at face value, estimated tropical cooling would imply sensitivity lower end currently accepted range. However, because anticipated changes seasonality thermal structure upper ocean uneven spatial sampling, implied are likely to be biased towards values.